Note that the online version of this guide has adhered to a typical guidebook referencing format where references are not denoted in the text but rather in a full list in a separate section.

*Also note that these references are incomplete during this beta release.

Barotrauma. (n.d.). Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from https://myfwc.com/fishing/saltwater/outreach/barotrauma/

Birkhead, W. S. (1972). Toxicity of Stings of Ariid and Ictalurid Catfishes. Copeia, 1972(4), 790–807. https://doi.org/10.2307/1442737

Calton, G. J., & Burnett, J. W. (1975). Catfish (Ictalurus catus) fin venom. Toxicon, 13(6), 399–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(75)90167-1

Cooke, S., & Philipp, D. P. (2009). Centrarchid Fishes: Diversity, Biology and Conservation. John Wiley & Sons.

Danylchuk, A. J., Adams, A., Cooke, S. J., & Suski, C. D. (2008). An evaluation of the injury and short-term survival of bonefish (Albula spp.) as influenced by a mechanical lip-gripping device used by recreational anglers. Fisheries Research, 93(1), 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.06.001

Fine, M. L., Friel, J. P., McElroy, D., King, C. B., Loesser, K. E., & Newton, S. (1997). Pectoral Spine Locking and Sound Production in the Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Copeia, 1997(4), 777–790. https://doi.org/10.2307/1447295

Jr, M. L. W., & Burr, B. M. (2020). Freshwater Fishes of North America: Volume 2: Characidae to Poeciliidae. JHU Press.

Kaar, C. R. J., & Nakanishi, A. K. (2017). Recreational and Commercial Catfishing Injuries: A Review of the Literature. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 28(4), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2017.07.007

Livewell Management. (n.d.). Retrieved July 25, 2026, from https://tpwd.texas.gov/fishboat/fish/recreational/catchrelease/livewell.phtml

Mann, J. W., & Werntz, J. R. (1991). Catfish stings to the hand. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 16(2), 318–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(10)80119-4

Rojo, A. (2013). Osteological Atlas of the Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Nova Scotia Waters: A Morphological and Biometric Study (Curatorial Report# 100). Nova Scotia Museum. https://ojs.library.dal.ca/NSM/article/view/3578/3295

Wainwright, D. K., & Lauder, G. V. (2016). Three-dimensional analysis of scale morphology in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus. Zoology, 119(3), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2016.02.006

Wright, J. (2015). Evolutionary History of Venom Glands in the Siluriformes (pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6727-0_9-1

Wright, J. J. (2009). Diversity, phylogenetic distribution, and origins of venomous catfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9(1), 282. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-282

Wright, J. J. (2012). The evolutionary ecology of venomous catfishes, with a focus on members of the North American family Ictaluridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) [Ph.D., University of Michigan]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1140777784/abstract/31FC090F28C7465EPQ/1